Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Mining In Space -- AIAA And New York Academy Of Sciences On December 1

Mining in Space -- AIAA and New York Academy of Sciences On December 10, 1986 the Greater New York Section of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the engineering section of the New York Academy of Sciences jointly presented a program on mining the planets. Speakers were Greg Maryniak of the Space Studies Institute (SSI) and Dr. Carl Peterson of the Mining and Excavation Research Institute of M.I.T. Maryniak spoke first and began by commenting that the quintessential predicament of space flight is that everything launched from Earth must be accelerated to orbital velocity. Related to this is that the traditional way to create things in space has been to manufacture them on Earth and then launch them into orbit aboard large rockets. The difficulty with this approach is the huge cost-per-pound of boosting anything out of this planet's gravity well. Furthermor e, Maryniak noted, since (at least in the near to medium term) the space program must depend upon the government for most of its funding, for this economic drawback necessarily translates into a political problem. Maryniak continued by noting that the early settlers in North America did not attempt to transport across the Atlantic everything then needed to sustain them in the New World. Rather they brought their tools with them and constructed their habitats from local materials. Hence, he suggested that the solution to the dilemma to which he referred required not so much a shift in technology as a shift in thinking. Space, he argued, should be considered not as a vacuum, totally devoid of everything. Rather, it should be regarded as an ocean, that is, a hostile environment but one having resources. Among the resources of space, he suggested, are readily available solar power and potential surface mines on the Moon and later other celes tial bodies as well. The Moon, Maryniak stated, contains many useful materials. Moreover, it is twenty-two times easier to accelerate a payload to lunar escape velocity than it is to accelerate the identical mass out of the EarthUs gravity well. As a practical matter the advantage in terms of the energy required is even greater because of the absence of a lunar atmosphere. Among other things this permits the use of devices such as electromagnetic accelerators (mass drivers) to launch payloads from the MoonUs surface. Even raw Lunar soil is useful as shielding for space stations and other space habitats. At present, he noted, exposure to radiation will prevent anyone for spending a total of more than six months out of his or her entire lifetime on the space station. At the other end of the scale, Lunar soil can be processed into its constituent materials. In between steps are also of great interest. For example, the MoonUs soil is rich in o xygen, which makes up most of the mass of water and rocket propellant. This oxygen could be RcookedS out of the Lunar soil. Since most of the mass of the equipment which would be necessary to accomplish this would consist of relatively low technology hardware, Maryniak suggested the possibility that at least in the longer term the extraction plant itself could be manufactured largely on the Moon. Another possibility currently being examined is the manufacture of glass from Lunar soil and using it as construction material. The techniques involved, according to Maryniak, are crude but effective. (In answer to a question posed by a member of the audience after the formal presentation, Maryniak stated that he believed the brittle properties of glass could be overcome by using glass-glass composites. He also suggested yet another possibility, that of using Lunar soil as a basis of concrete.) One possible application of such Moon-made glass would be in glass-glass composite beams. Among other things, these could be employed as structural elements in a solar power satellite (SPS). While interest in the SPS has waned in this country, at least temporarily, it is a major focus of attention in the U.S.S. R. , Western Europe and Japan. In particular, the Soviets have stated that they will build an SPS by the year 2000 (although they plan on using Earth launched materials. Similarly the Japanese are conducting SPS related sounding rocket tests. SSI

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Music Of The 60s - A Clashing Of Generations

MUSIC OF THE 60’S - A CLASHING OF GENERATIONS The Sixties were an exciting revolutionary period of time with great social and technological change. Some people called it the â€Å"decade of discontent† because of the race riots and demonstrations against the Vietnam War. The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashions, civil rights, and sexual freedom. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular music. In the sixties, music mirrored the tensions of the era, and played an important role in changing American culture. The verbal content of rock songs turned toward rebellion, social protest, sex, and drugs. Rock and Roll was for and about adolescents. Its lyrics articulated teenage and young adult's problems and concerns. All aspects of the music, its heavy beat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics, indicated a defiance of adult values and authority. This defiance caused older people to express unrealistic fear for their children and for our nation's future. This was the period when the younger generation developed a keen sense of alienation from the older generation and the establishment with all its political, social and religious institutions. They went searching for new answers to age-old questions, such as the value of the individual, the authority of the state, truth, justice, and the meaning of life. Alienation came in many forms and is aimed at different targets. Much of this generation’s music was an expression of the anguish and alienation the young felt towards the older generation, the government, and the confinement of the society they lived in. They attempted to address the important issues generated by the unique events of the period. So, in a way the music of the sixties is explained by the simple clichà © that music was a product of the culture that created it.... Free Essays on Music Of The 60's - A Clashing Of Generations Free Essays on Music Of The 60's - A Clashing Of Generations MUSIC OF THE 60’S - A CLASHING OF GENERATIONS The Sixties were an exciting revolutionary period of time with great social and technological change. Some people called it the â€Å"decade of discontent† because of the race riots and demonstrations against the Vietnam War. The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashions, civil rights, and sexual freedom. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular music. In the sixties, music mirrored the tensions of the era, and played an important role in changing American culture. The verbal content of rock songs turned toward rebellion, social protest, sex, and drugs. Rock and Roll was for and about adolescents. Its lyrics articulated teenage and young adult's problems and concerns. All aspects of the music, its heavy beat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics, indicated a defiance of adult values and authority. This defiance caused older people to express unrealistic fear for their children and for our nation's future. This was the period when the younger generation developed a keen sense of alienation from the older generation and the establishment with all its political, social and religious institutions. They went searching for new answers to age-old questions, such as the value of the individual, the authority of the state, truth, justice, and the meaning of life. Alienation came in many forms and is aimed at different targets. Much of this generation’s music was an expression of the anguish and alienation the young felt towards the older generation, the government, and the confinement of the society they lived in. They attempted to address the important issues generated by the unique events of the period. So, in a way the music of the sixties is explained by the simple clichà © that music was a product of the culture that created it....

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Supply and Demand Simulation_365 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply and Demand Simulation_365 - Essay Example The level of competition is also a macroeconomic factor because the firm is a monopoly, rather it has no competitors. The reasons the two are concepts under consideration in macroeconomics is because the firm does not have control over them as seen in the study work of Adil (2006). The shift in the supply curve is as a result of lowering rental rates. This will imply that the number of property will be on demand and making the supply to increasing leading to a shift of the supply curve to the right. The shift is also due to increased advertising whereby the property is in demand from many clients because, through advertisements, many people will learn of the two-bed roomed apartments increasing the occupant and increasing the supply. This implies that the quantity demanded increases. This shift will arise from the renting of property at a low rental rates. The shift will also arise from increased demand of apartment as a result of increased advertisement schedules. The shift in supply will affect the equilibrium price because, at some point, there is no further adjustment in the rental rates this also applies to the shift in demand. The shift in supply would affect the quantity, where according to Adil (2006) the shift to the right will indicate an increase in quantity supplied. The shift in the demand curve to the right will also indicate an increase in quantity demanded. The management will also make their decisions based on the shift in the supply curve, whereby the shift to the right will make the management set the rental rates at the equilibrium price. This also applies to the shift of the demand curve to the right, whereby the management has to reduce the advertisement as the demand will be high enough. Application of the concept of demand and supply would be to determine the amount of advertising to do, such that in case the demand goes up due to increased